"Sperm damage during cryopreservation is considered a major obstacle to the expansion of sperm storage technology in fish. In-depth knowledge of cryoinjury and cryoprotectants with respect to the quality of fish sperm can enhance future use of cryopreservation. We used antifreeze proteins as cryoprotective agents to improve the quality of frozen/thawed spermatozoa, along with optimization of cryopreservation protocols. Reviews vitrification, a promising cryopreservation technique for fish sperm storage. Vitrification requires rapid cooling/warming, small volume containers, and use of permeable cryoprotectants at high concentrations to solidify both intra- and extra-cellular materials. While high concentration of cryoprotectant show toxicity to cells. The quantity of permeable cryoprotectant can be reduced or eliminated by use of apparatus or techniques that dramatically increase freezing and warming rates by treating a much smaller quantity of sperm. Thus, vitrification may be more suitable for fish producing small quantities of highly concentrated sperm, but not sturgeon producing high quantities of sperm with low concentration. As second aim of the present study, proteomic methods were applied to characterize the protein profiles of sterlet spermatozoa and seminal plasma and assess their effect on spermatozoa function in conventional cryopreservation. The motility variables of cryopreserved sterlet sperm were also investigated. The motility rate of sterlet sperm significantly decreased after cryopreservation, while no difference in mean curvilinear velocity of fresh and cryopreserved sperm was detected. Six proteins were altered in seminal plasma and thirteen in spermatozoa following cryopreservation. Among them, eight proteins were positively identified: a) two (mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha and heat shock protein 70) were from seminal plasma, associated with metabolism and response to stress; b) four (triosephosphate isomerase, mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit ?, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], enolase B) in spermatozoa are involved in metabolic pathways such as gluconeogenesis and glycolysis to provide efficient energy for spermatozoon movement; c) the other two (tubulin ? chain and tubulin ? chain, testis-specific) in spermatozoa are major constituents of sperm microtubules, playing important roles in the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. These results broaden the understanding of protein-related cryoinjury in sperm, which may help to determine the function of altered proteins and provide new insights into improving sperm cryopreservation. Since cryopreservation is known to cause lethal and sublethal damage to sperm, different concentrations of antifreeze proteins (AFPI or AFPIII) were employed as cryoprotectants. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that supplementation with antifreeze proteins was associated with significantly higher membrane integrity in cryopreserved sterlet sperm, except with the use of 0.1 ?g/ml of AFPI. However, motility rate, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and fertilization rate of frozen-thawed sperm did not differ from that without addition of antifreeze proteins. It was concluded that addition of antifreeze proteins to cryopreservation medium was the source of the protective effects on sperm plasma membrane integrity." In XIN, Miamiao. The role of some proteins in freezing fish sperm =: Úloha některých proteinů při zmrazování spermatu ryb. Vodňany: Fakulta rybářství a ochrany vod, Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, 2019. 87 stran. ISBN 978-80-7514-094-4. Zdroj anotace: OKCZ - ANOTACE Z WEBU