The results of investigation of available Lower Permian acanthodians from the limnic basins of the Czech Republic are presented. A summary of the previous research, stratigraphic overview, and a complete list of the localities and boreholes (including literature data) are given in the first section. The Bohemian and Moravian specimens of Acanthodes gracilis and the new species Acanthodes stambergi n. sp. are described in the second section. Other specific indeterminable finds are named Acanthodes sp. Special attention was given, e.g., to tesserae and sensory lines in Acanthodes gracilis. The new species is characterized particularly by extremely long dermotrichia of the pectoral fins. Majority of other features are or less identical with the features of the closely related species Acanthodes gracilis or are unknown. Both labyrinth infillings and otoliths are described in all taxa. The relationships within the genus as well as within the Lower Permian acanthodians in general are discussed. The research was particularly focused on the ontogeny. The individual growth stages (juvenile, subadult, adult) are documented with respect to the squamation of the trunk. Areas of deformed scales are described from the trunk and fins and explained as result of a disease. The paleogeography and the important Bohemian and Moravian localities are discussed in the third section. Zdroj anotace: OKCZ - ANOTACE Z WEBU